Hyperloop Transportation

Hyperloop is a conceptual transport system in which passengers and goods are loaded into capsules and fired through vacuum tubes at more than 600mph (1,000km/h). The propulsion system might be the air compressors or Magnetic levitation.

This  new mode of transportation is supposed to eliminate all travel complications and objections due to  travel time ,cost and weather conditions.

Hyperloop Transportation

South African-born Canadian-American business magnate, investor, engineer, and inventor “Elon Musk” , currently the CEO of SpaceX is the pioneer of Hyperloop Transportation system.

Features of Hyperloop

 The Hyperloop system as proposed by Elon Musk is supposed to have the features like:

• Around twice the Speed of an aircraft
• Immune to weather and climatic conditions
• Immune to calamities like earthquake(system on pylons, where the tube is not rigidly fixed at any point)
• Solar Powered 

A Self Sufficient System: Solar panels placed along the track will be producing excess amounts of the energy that will be used to run the system.

  

Elon Musk's Hyperloop

The first public test of the Hyperloop system went off on May 2016 in the Nevada desert. 

The demonstration featured a sled of metal gliding across a 1,000 meter track.

The sled accelerated at 2.5G and reached a top speed of 116mph in two seconds .This is a significant milestone in the development of Hyperloop. But there are lots of work to do before building the full-scale system envisioned by Elon Musk that will eventually run at 700mph.  

First Public HyperLoop System

Elon doesn’t have much time to give on this technology as he is busy making rockets, electric cars and batteries. So he decided to go public on this idea and outsourced it in the form a competition. Musk’s SpaceX is building a mile-long test track for the Hyperloop Pod Competition, and January 2017 will see the test runs for all the pods competing in it.

Possibility and Implementation of Hyper loop:

With the issues of dropping the air pressure in the long tube to 0.001 bar, Fire safety, device /track malfunctions and emergency evacuations, there are challenges for the continuous progress of the project. But With the invention of few technologies the development is likely to be accelerated and the day with the hyperloop transport system is likely to exist in our near future.

SRC:

·         http://hyperlooptransp.com/#!/

·         https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperloop#Hyperloop_Transportation_Technologies

The Mass of Digital Data?

I said my laptop was too heavy, so someone suggested that I should delete some files so it would weigh less……. I was in dilemma whether I should laugh at him or believe him.

Time and again I questioned myself,  does raw stuff (like a song or a movie) weigh anything when it is in a hard drive. Because for me to be able to watch a movie on my computer, it has to get that information from somewhere in my hard drive.

I mean that the thing that I download in my hard disk contains mass or  is it  something mass less? 
Let’s approach to more clearer portion. The digital data that is stored in the hard disk or any other memory contains any mass i.e. the combinations of 1’s and 0’s have any mass?

In order to remove the crunch out of my head I began a study on the matter. The first thing I searched was , the  ways by which the digital data can be stored.

I found that there can be number of methods by which the digital data can be stored. A recent research at  Stanford University in California revealed that digital information can even  be stored in the DNA of living organisms. So leaving all the extraordinary methods of storing digital information behind let’s see the three basic methods by which the digital data are stored. They are:-

1. Magnetic (eg. Hard Disk)
2. Optical (eg.CD-ROM)
3. Electrical (eg: Memory like SRAM,DRAM)

• Magnetic:-

 Our computer’s hard drive uses magnets to store data. All magnets have a north and south pole. The hard drive has a magnetic disk that spins around and a small write head will flip the polarity of tiny magnetic poles on the disk. So it can create a positive pole for a 1 and a negative pole for a 0.

The only way in which energy is also stored in the disc is via the magnetic field. Misaligned magnets store more energy in the magnetic field than do aligned magnets.

i.e. organized data  has less entropy than pure randomness. So one can argue that there is difference of energy and show the mass of the data by energy mass relation(E=mc² ). But the mass of the data is so small that it is even negligible in front of the mass of the dust in the hard disk.

• Optical:-

There are basically millions of tiny etches on the cd. The cd spins and a laser is either reflected or absorbed by the cd, indicating a 1 or 0. Density depends on the wave length of the laser used to read and write. 

It is clear that the digital data stored in such way don’t have any mass.

• Electrical

Memory in a computer comes in two types generally, SRAM and DRAM. DRAM, (Dynamic random access memory) uses a tiny capacitor to store a charge, indicating a 1, or the absence of electrical charge, to indicate a 0. This charge dissipates very quickly and must be refreshed thousands of times per second to maintain its state. Static RAM uses a circuit called a flip-flop which holds a 1 or 0 pretty much indefinitely. 
Both of these types of data storage require electric charge, and must be powered at all times.

When a capacitor is charged, electrons flow out of one plate and into the other plate, so the actual number of electrons in the capacitor remains the same - they have just been moved around.

Hence , the mass of the charged capacitor is same as that of the uncharged material.

But , according to classical physics it does depend on the types of substance that  is used for  making of capacitor.  If you have a material that cannot liberate electrons, so that the only way to charge it is by introducing electrons, then a charged capacitor may contain many more electrons than the uncharged one. The same thing as in magnetic disks  repeats here that the mass is negligible.

I finally got answer to my question . Now , I will give a slight smile (neither laugh at him nor follow his suggestion ) to that person who suggests me to erase my laptop data so that it weighs less.

Entrance Result , IOE Nepal

The result of IOE, Nepal entrance 2069 has been published . One can view the result  here.

Exam Fever

Exam time that usually comes with frustration and headaches  has now started. The usual exam fever is getting on everybody. More than five tutorials, each consisting of fifty heavy numerical  are still not touched. Assignments, project works , lab works,…….oh dude.

If you are from underdeveloped countries like mine where  donkeys run the government and other  are fox waiting their chance to be like them are residing  then certainly the university under the government  extends the class time upto even  four days before the day of exam. Unusual  holidays become usual . Students are on one side , even teachers bonk the classes ..

 Some of the criticism should go on us though. It is the matter of fact that attendance percentage of this generation  of people usually  limits to 50% of whole the semester. We then certainly won’t be bothering about copying class notes  whose side effects aren’t seen at any time but the exam’s. I computed the amount of purchasing the notes and handsout of a subject  and all I found was the thing that was written by people like me with lots of errors and wrong methods cost same as that of two new books of the renowned writers in the world.

Especially,  when we surf  the internet planning to get some good diet for our study ,we find ourselves hanging out with social sites like facebook , twitter and people like me at the blogger within a few minutes .  Watching movies at  night of the day of exam is considered as normal at this degree of ‘coolness’.

All I want to say for the people getting fever at the exam time is that there is no any medicine to treat this fever but there is only one specialist doctor who can completely nullify the fever. IT  IS  YOU. Just attend your class regularly. Go along the path as directed by  your lecturers . Complete your lab works and projects sincerely. And the most important thing try to minimize movie watching hours as I’am planning to do.

IMPORTANT NOTE: As I said you are the doctor of yourself, don’t think writing ‘Dr.’ in front of your name unless you complete your MBBS program or PhD program or similar like that. :JJJ

Necessity to be capable of speaking in front of mass

My English teacher asked me to tell the overview of the class activity that we did today.Actually, we were having a kind of speaking program in which a person has to put his/her views about a subject in front of the mass in most common language in the world –English.

We were given the topic “Widening of roads in Kathmandu Valley”. Many of my friends tried to give their opinions and analysis about the topic. Certainly , the topic was quite general and as a result many of my friends opinions were matching . The thing which our teacher was looking for into our speech was the way by which we present our views.

Well that’s it. I at the end of the class was asked to give the overview about the program. I just had to include my friends’ opinions  and how the program went on. After the class went off,I found that speaking in front of a mass is not an easy job. So I shall salute those  having proficiency in talking in front of mass from now on.

While I was trying to put my speech in front of my classmates all of those words, those styles using which I used to communicate with them went  off. I felt like  my mind was vacated and I’m in a state of learnig vocabularies. As my friends told me ,my face turned red.I felt a kind of frustration for a while. My red face at the stage,  turned  dark after the class was over. I wasn’t able to speak with my friends as I use to. People smiling when there was eye contact with me and  girls gossiping and laughing in their  circle made me think that my failure in giving  speech  was the reason behind those things.

Feeling frustrated and retarded , I tried to console myself as some of friends did .”it was just a speech.Why should I be bothered about it?”. It lightened my brain to some extent. But ,while I was trying to remain cool and forget the dumbest moment I ever had , one thing was always striking my head and was saying that “there are more to come” .

So I came to conclusion that I mustn’t be bothering about my past but must be careful about the similar conditions coming towards me in the near future. Future of every human in this competitve world is challenging. So on entering into the future if one is not good at giving speech in front of the mass and is incapable of expressing his views , he won’t get chance to show skill and knowledge that he has. I’m an Engineering student and I’m learning skills and grabbing all the knowledge around me as far as I can. But if I cannot speak in front of the people about what I can do  and make them satisfied  with my ideas and views , question arises “Can I be a succeful Engineer?”.Can a software engineer  attract buyers for  his newly made software without having talking skill/presentation with them?  For example on viewing only ,both the empty and filled water tank look similar. A water  tank full of water is similar to the condition that I’m discussing.If people  don’t know that the tank is filled with water , the water won’t be used and it gets contaminated because of a long storage.In the similar condition  one should be able to tell the people that what he has inside him and make them believe in him.If the people believe in the person he will certainly be given a chance to show his talent. There is a saying in Nepali “bolne ko pitho pani bikcha ,nabolne ko chaamal pani bikdaina”. Though Rice is considered better than wheat by most of the people in Nepal,when one advertises that his wheat is far better and make the people believe in him he can easily sell his wheat. But if a person having rice to sell ,if can’t speak infront of the mass and make them aware what he has , his rice is likely to  get damaged  in his shop.

As far as I wrote was about the neccessity of capability of talking infront of the mass. Now let’s focus on some points that are failing most of the people to be able to  talk infront of the mass.

·       --  Lack of practice :a well known fact, “practice makes a man perfect” .so lack of practice makes people failing to give speech infront of the mass.

·         --The audience:   Certainly  if you find your audience not following you  how better you try you get a bit discouraged. There are conditions when the mass is against you and it is neglecting your views though they are good enough to listen. The audience laugh at any of your activity, they talk unnessarily and intentionally.These sort of conditions make you discouraged.

·         --Language:  I think it also plays a vital role in determining the quality of your speech. If you’re not fluent with the language in which you are required to speech  you cannot put your views efficiently.

·         --Overconfidence:  overcinfidence  results in no preparation for the speech and if the topic is new your mind is only a note of a primary school child with lots of words written without proper order.

·         --Expectations:  Though you give satisfactory speech in front of a mass normally, when you’re asked to give speech in a bigger platform in front of people who are far better than you. You normally feel a kind of pressure in you which might affect your speech.

So if one is victimised by any of the disease I mentioned above,there is no point in questioning why his face turned red considering that his RBC’s are in a good state. I then reviewed what can be done in order to avoid the failure in talking in front of mass by going through different suggestions given to me ,some written articles and of course my own analysis. Some of the points that are currently striking my mind are:-

·       --  Follow the general rules of give speech like addresing people,greeting them, say the topic to them,give them the idea what  you will be giving them in your speech  and so on. By doing this you will get familarised with the condion and the people you are dealing with.

·     --    I think atleast a simple layout of the speech should be made before going to the mass.  It was my greatest mistake not to collect some points before I stepped  on the stage.

·    --     Accordong  to my teacher ,  for a good speech -manage your body position, have gesture while you are giving your speech,slow down your speed of speech  in the important things of your speech which you want your audience to make it in their mind and also it is necessary to  have a commanding voice.

·         By doing so you can drag your audience attention towards you. Now, all you have to do is give them the knowledge/thought/view what you have. 

·      --   There can be some unwanted and unnecessary questioning and laughing of the audience.Such  things should be neglected as far as possible. On unnecessary(not about the topic of discussion) question you can give them answers  carelessly (but don’t make them angry). By doing so you will feel like dominating them  so that you can easily give your views among them.

·   --      When you are putting your views,  for effectiveness of your speech you can ask some of the general things about the topic to them and also try to include the audience thought in your speech.

·      --   Also, remember a well known saying “Practice makes  a man perfect” and follow it.

These are  the theoretical things that I came to know. I  will certainly follow these steps , if I get any chance of speaking something in front of a mass.

Power Reduction in High-Performance Microprocessors

Power Reduction in High-Performance Microprocessors

HowStuffWorks "Top 5 Myths About Steve Jobs"

See the top 5 myths about Steve Jobs.
HowStuffWorks "Top 5 Myths About Steve Jobs"